For example, in anhidrotic patients or individuals wearing encapsulating protective clothing/equipment, body core temperature rises sharply with exercise-heat stress, which can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke if other means of cooling are not provided. Sweat evaporation from the skin surface plays a critical role in human thermoregulation and this is most apparent when the ability to sweat is compromised during periods of strenuous physical labor and/or exposure to hot environments. Finally, the utility of sweat composition as a biomarker for human physiology is currently limited as more research is needed to determine potential relations between sweat and blood solute concentrations. Additional research is needed to elucidate the potential role of eccrine sweating in skin hydration and microbial defense. cystic fibrosis) have an increased risk of NaCl imbalances during prolonged periods of heavy sweating however, sweat-induced deficiencies appear to be of minimal risk for trace minerals and vitamins. Individuals with high NaCl concentrations in sweat (e.g. ![]() Furthermore, unlike the renal system, it seems that sweat glands do not conserve water loss or concentrate sweat fluid through vasopressin-mediated water reabsorption. Studies suggesting a larger role of sweat glands in clearing waste products or toxicants from the body may be an artifact of methodological issues rather than evidence for selective transport. ![]() The role of sweating to eliminate waste products and toxicants seems to be minor compared with other avenues of excretion via the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract as eccrine glands do not adapt to increase excretion rates either via concentrating sweat or increasing overall sweating rate. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to: 1) review the physiology of sweat gland function and mechanisms determining the amount and composition of sweat excreted onto the skin surface 2) provide an overview of the well-established thermoregulatory functions and adaptive responses of the sweat gland and 3) discuss the state of evidence for potential non-thermoregulatory roles of sweat in the maintenance and/or perturbation of human health.
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